Summary
Ziroom ZHOME A0101 1.0.1.0 contains a command injection vulnerability in the /api/ZRnetwork/set_passwd endpoint. A remote attacker who can reach the endpoint may manipulate the password1 parameter to cause operating-system commands to execute with the service's privileges.
Affected context
The vulnerability occurs in the password-setting API of affected Ziroom ZHOME A0101 devices when user-controlled input is incorporated into an operating-system command or command interpreter operation. Risk is increased when the endpoint is network-accessible and the service processes the password1 argument without strict separation between data and commands.
Exploit preconditions
- Attack surface: The remotely reachable
/api/ZRnetwork/set_passwdHTTP API - Required access: Network access to the affected device and permission to submit requests accepted by the endpoint
- Trigger point: Processing of the
password1argument during password-setting operations - Why exploitation is possible: Unsafely handled input may be interpreted as part of an operating-system command rather than treated solely as password data
Why this happens
The underlying bug is an OS command injection condition in which externally controlled input reaches a command execution mechanism without adequate separation, validation, or neutralization. This maps to CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component, with CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command describing the more specific command-injection behavior. The insecure pattern is constructing or invoking shell commands with request data instead of using argument-safe APIs and fixed command structures.
Potential impact
- An attacker may execute arbitrary commands on the affected device
- Device configuration or credentials could be altered
- The attacker could access, modify, or destroy locally stored data
- The device could be used to attack other systems on the reachable network
- Service availability could be degraded or the device could be fully compromised
General mitigation guidance
Mitigation generally focuses on removing shell interpretation from password-management operations and reducing trust in request parameters.
Common defensive patterns include:
- Using dedicated library functions or fixed, argument-safe process APIs instead of shell command construction
- Applying strict allowlist validation and length constraints to password input
- Treating API parameters as data rather than executable command fragments
- Running the service with the minimum privileges required for its function
- Restricting network exposure of device-management interfaces and requiring strong authentication
- Adding centralized authorization, request validation, and audit logging around sensitive endpoints
How teams detect issues like this
Organizations can look for command injection risks through:
- Static analysis rules identifying shell invocation APIs that receive request-derived values
- Code review checks for string concatenation or interpolation in command construction
- Runtime monitoring for unusual child processes, shell launches, or command activity from the device service
- Web and network logs showing abnormal requests to password-management endpoints
- Policy enforcement that prohibits shell execution for routine configuration operations
Automated security scanners and code-review tools may help identify unsafe data flows from HTTP parameters to process execution.
